Understanding PCOS: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options for Women in Malaysia

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. In Malaysia, awareness about PCOS is growing, but many women still struggle with its symptoms and the best ways to manage them. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of PCOS, covering its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options available in Malaysia, along with dietary suggestions to help manage the condition.

What is PCOS?

PCOS is a condition characterized by an imbalance in reproductive hormones. This imbalance can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, the development of cysts in the ovaries, and difficulties with fertility. It is also associated with other health issues like insulin resistance, obesity, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

Symptoms of PCOS

The symptoms of PCOS can vary widely among women, but common signs include:

• Irregular periods or no periods at all
• Excess androgen levels, leading to symptoms such as hirsutism (excess facial and body hair), acne, and male-pattern baldness
• Polycystic ovaries, which may be detected via ultrasound
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Darkening of the skin, particularly around the neck, groin, and underneath breasts
• Skin tags, which are small excess flaps of skin in the armpits or neck area

Diagnosis of PCOS

Diagnosing PCOS typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and specific tests. Here are some steps involved in the diagnosis:

Medical History and Physical Examination:

Your healthcare provider will ask about your menstrual cycle, weight changes, and other symptoms. A physical exam will check for signs of excess hair growth, insulin resistance, and acne.

PCOS Test:

Blood tests are crucial in diagnosing PCOS. These tests measure hormone levels, including androgen levels, and check for other conditions that could cause similar symptoms. A glucose tolerance test may also be conducted to check for insulin resistance.

Ultrasound: 

An ultrasound can help visualize the ovaries and the thickness of the uterine lining. The presence of multiple cysts on the ovaries can support the diagnosis of PCOS.

PCOS Treatment in Malaysia

Treatment for PCOS is personalized and focuses on managing individual symptoms and underlying causes. In Malaysia, several treatment options are available:

Lifestyle Modifications: 

Weight management through a balanced diet and regular exercise is a foundational aspect of managing PCOS. Losing even a small amount of weight can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve symptoms.

Medications:

• Birth Control Pills: These can help regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels, and clear acne.
• Metformin: Commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, Metformin can help improve insulin resistance and regulate menstrual cycles.
• Clomiphene: For women seeking to become pregnant, Clomiphene can stimulate ovulation.
• Natural herbal /supplements to regularize menses and PCOS side effect

Fertility Treatments: 

For women with PCOS who have difficulty conceiving, fertility treatments such as ovulation induction medications and in vitro fertilization (IVF) are available in Malaysia. At SpringHill women health clinic, we offer a comprehensive fertility screening package

for women with problems conceiving, so you can begin your journey towards parenthood.  

Surgery: 

In rare cases, a surgical procedure called laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) may be recommended to trigger ovulation.

What to Eat to Treat PCOS

Diet plays a critical role in managing PCOS. Here are some dietary suggestions for women with PCOS:

• Low Glycemic Index (GI) Foods: These help maintain stable blood sugar levels. Examples include whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, fruits, and non-starchy vegetables.
• Anti-Inflammatory Foods: Foods rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce inflammation. These include berries, fatty fish, leafy greens, and olive oil.
• Lean Protein: Incorporate lean sources of protein like chicken, fish, tofu, and legumes into your meals to support muscle mass and satiety.
• Healthy Fats: Include sources of healthy fats such as avocados, nuts, and seeds in your diet.
• Limit Processed Foods: Reduce the intake of processed and sugary foods, which can exacerbate insulin resistance and other PCOS symptoms.

In Malaysia, a combination of medical treatments and lifestyle modifications offers hope for women with PCOS. Understanding what to eat to treat PCOS and seeking appropriate medical care are crucial steps towards managing this condition and improving overall quality of life. 

Unsure about the best way forward? Consult with us at SpringHill Clinic, the leading women’s health clinic in Kuala Lumpur. Take control of your PCOS symptoms with a treatment programme tailored to you. 

If you’re having troubles conceiving, our fertility test in Kuala Lumpur can also help identify any potential issues for the best possible outcome for you and your future family. Contact us today.